4 Common Types Of Essays You

4 Common Types Of Essays You A team of vetted degree-holders and professional essay writers is here for you. Write My Essay 4 Me offers custom written papers at $15 per page. Also, if you want us to write your essay faster, the essay’s cost will be higher. Our pricing is transparent, and we’ll never surprise you with hidden fees. Although all of the sample essays were handwritten by students, they are shown typed here for ease of reading. The essays have been typed exactly as each student wrote his or her essay, without corrections to spelling, punctuation, or paragraph breaks. You come across many services providing online essay writing, but firstly they are based out of the USA. There is a vast difference in the writing style of someone from outside the U.S. writing your descriptive essay. We Americans have our own style of writing unless you are living in the U.S. So, what do you need to know about the ordering process? Just follow the 3 simple steps to have your paper complete. Have the best expert writer assigned to complete your paper. Communicate with the writer and the support team in the process of essay completion to make sure your instructions are followed. With tight daily schedules, he or she has to make time for enjoyment, friends, and other activities. Keeping these things in mind, Academic writing Pro has emerged as the best Essay Writing Services for the students. You can either use a credit card or pay via PayPal. Once you fill in your order and make a payment, you can discuss your paper requirements with your preferred writer. You can also submit any materials you may have and communicate with them regularly to ensure your essay is perfect. We believe that ordering a paper should be easy and intuitive. We also ensure that the Customer Service representatives are always ready to assist you with any requests and encourage direct communication between writers and customers online. Excellent writers deliver work with a 100% money-back guarantee. Strict quality filters for plagiarism are also designed, providing used, or recycled content is just not our style. Creating the trust of the customer, we want them to use this service repeatedly, making strict policies for quality work. Plagiarism is a big factor in Academic writing, and we make sure that the content provided is written from scratch. We believe that college and school life are the best part of any students’ life. We ensure any type of paper will be written, proofread, as well as edited according to your requirements and delivered before the deadline you set. If you have completed the paper or have just started working on it, our expert writers can edit or complete the paper based on your draft. You can not get the grip on our style of writing. Students often are looking for a reliable essay writing service; there is no harm in getting this service. Using essay writing services is not a crime, but “YES,” we have to be careful with selecting the right company. At Academic Writing Pro, we make sure that your use is entirely safe and confidential. If you are looking for such a service, which can take the burden off your shoulders, so you are at the right place, click here. This time, Alex doesn’t begin with a preconceived notion of how to organize her essay. ” Then she will decide how to organize her draft by thinking about the argument’s parts and how they fit together. This handout will help you figure out what your college instructors expect when they give you a writing assignment. It will tell you how and why to move beyond the five-paragraph essays you learned to write in high school and start writing essays that are more analytical and more flexible.

Deadline Extended For Racism Essay Competition

Deadline Extended For Racism Essay Competition because they lack information materials or don’t know how to conduct academic research. Not a big fan of cheating, but, hey… We all need a helping hand from time to time. At least with masterpapers I can be sure that not a single person will find out about it. They are obsessed with security measurements and do all that is necessary to ensure customer`s privacy. As a final proof-test, the remaining candidates have to complete a guest assignment to show their competence and ability to cope with real orders. You are guaranteed to receive an entirely original piece with properly cited sources. We communicate with our clients on a no-name basis and never ask them to specify their personal details. We won’t know your full name, the name of your college or city. Edu Geeks Club is a place where professionals are happy to share their expertise with students to help them succeed in their specialty. at MasterPapers, you receive special bonuses which you can use to pay for your next orders. Meaning that the more papers you order from us, the less you have to pay for them. We’ll notify you when the completed copy will be available for download. You’ll need to describe your task or attach your assignment brief and set the deadline. Only 8% perform the best and complete a top-quality custom paper free of mistakes and plagiarisms. The GCSE is a secondary school assessment curricula widely used in the UK and UK-compliant educational contexts. One of the A-Level English requirements in this program is the Language Investigation. EssayJack offers two custom templates made specifically for students working on their language investigation project. All the papers we deliver to clients are based on credible sources and are quality-approved by our editors. From Literature to Law â€" we have MA and Ph.D. experts in almost any academic discipline, for any task. We accept deadlines starting at 3 hours, but you can pick a 6, 12 or 24 hours’ deadline and pay less for your essay. Our Quality Assurance Team checks every paper for sale for plagiarism and consistency before final delivery. Since 1965, the University of California, Irvine has combined the strengths of a major research university with the bounty of an incomparable Southern California location. With Grade Miners, you’ll have plenty of time for a good nap, as well as time for hobbies, career, and personal life. Your order details and payment info are totally secure. Our website follows all DMCA requirements and is protected by modern data encryption technologies. Every new customer receives a superb Welcome bonus â€" an opportunity to spend less on an essay using a special promo code that will already be entered on the order page once you visit it. We have one narrative essay template in EssayJack, Short Narrative, which you can use to practice getting the flow of a good story. If you subscribed, you get a 7-day free trial during which you can cancel at no penalty. After that, we don’t give refunds, but you can cancel your subscription at any time. What I didn't know, however, was that writing had some scientific structures that could make it very interesting. Don’t worry, we’ll nonetheless be able to offer you a qualified expert who’ll do your assignment for cheap but the quality of writing will still be there. Making orders on Grade Miners, you’re completely anonymous. No teacher, instructor, or professor will find out about where do you get such fantastic papers. Order details and payment info are secured using the latest encryption technologies. At this stage, every paper is checked by our professional editors. For the most demanding customers, we offer a paid double-check option. We use Copyscape to make sure every paper written by our experts is in line with the required uniqueness level. Upon request, we can provide you with a detailed plagiarism report. We take quality seriously and go the extra mile to ensure all orders meet high academic standards.

How To Write A Short Essay

How To Write A Short Essay But, be alert, never remove the most convincing points or else your essay will lose its purpose. The first thing before you initiate the writing process is reading. You can underline important information or encircle the main question. You have to make sure what the question wants you to write. Students sometimes in a hurry fail to understand the topic and end up writing on something else. But, when it comes to writing down a short essay, you need to be very clear with your points. It is crucial to write down the information in a compact manner. Essays might be used as arguments, favour or criticism, daily life-based observations, etc. But in a short essay, you have to control yourself. Only put useful arguments and weed out irrelevant ones. The main parts that build up a short essay are introduction, body and a conclusion. Introduction and conclusion should not be more than one paragraph, and the body can be about 3 paragraphs. Your ideas should be very clear from the beginning itself. Your essay should need to respond to an argument or a question. Ideas which you will present in the essay should be logical, and there should be an easy flow. It is to check for any grammatical or other logical errors. A short essay is very different from long essays. While writing long essays, you have full freedom to express your ideas in a much bigger space. But, in short essay, you may feel that you don’t have much space to make an argument, as you need to be precise with your words. Like the five sentence trick, this technique makes the writing process simpler. Instead of putting the main focus on writing well, it instead forces you toresearchwell, which some students find easier. The primary topic of a paragraph may be expressed in a topic sentence. The main topic of an essay, report, or speech may be expressed in a thesis sentence. A passionate essay writer always wants to add multiple arguments in his/her essay. Formal essays deal with topics related to serious purposes, dignity, organization, etc. Informal essays are defined by self-revelation, humour, graceful style, etc. You can even present your individual opinion or view. In a short length or limited words essay, the ideas are predicted shallowly as the essay length is limited. Essays can be written long, fully expressing your thoughts on a topic. Your introduction should build up the interest of the audience, and it should be clear that what is the topic. The major feature of a short essay is that you have to limit down the words of your arguments and ideas. Short essays have a specific structure to be followed. 1 paragraph Introduction, 3 paragraphs body, and 1 paragraph conclusion. The three paragraphs in the body part should support the thesis statement. As for the conclusion part, it should not only sum up the argument, but it should also lift up the idea presented in the essay.

A Harvard Mbas Advice On Writing The Perfect Essay

A Harvard Mba’s Advice On Writing The Perfect Essay The thesis states the specific topic, and often lists themain ideas that will be discussed in the main body. It may also indicate how the essay will be organised, e.g. in chronological order, order of importance, advantages/disadvantages, cause/effect. It is usually at the end of the introduction, and is usually one sentence long. Practice timed essay writing with sample test questions before test day. With a little practice, you may not feel as pressured by the clock on test day. All good history essays have a clear and strong contention. A contention is the main idea or argument of your essay. As you write and gather more evidence, your thesis statement may change â€" and that’s okay! Thesis statements are not set in stone; they are meant to change as the paper develops. It is important to have a topic that is specific enough that finding sources is relatively easy, but broad enough that you can write many pages about it. As an example, I wrote a 12-page paper on the effect of World War II on the rights of women in American society. Had I selected a more vague topic like “American Women in the 1930s and 1940s”, it would have been a far more difficult essay to write. And the reader will find the paper more interesting. Choose a topic that's appropriate to the paper’s length. Avoid broad topics as you cannot cover them fully due to the limited number of words. If you're writing a four‐page essay, don't retell the whole history of women's rights. Instead, narrow it down to a more specific subject like one important incident in the women's rights movement. If you don't care about reducing alcohol advertising, don't pick this topic for a persuasive essay. If you decide to write about something that matters to you, you will sound more convincing. The first step to writing a good essay, whatever the subject or topic, is to give plenty of thought to the question. Below is adiscussion essay which looks at the advantages and disadvantages of car ownership. This essay is used throughout theessay writing section to help you understand different aspects of essay writing. Here it focuses on thethesis statement andgeneral statements of the introduction ,topic sentences, controlling ideas, and thesummary andfinal comment of the conclusion. Click on the different areas to highlight the different structural aspects in this essay. This thesis gives us more detail, telling us not just the topic and the method of organisation , but also tells us the main ideas in the essay . This essay will probably have three paragraphs in the main body. The thesis statement is the most important part of the introduction. It gives the reader clear information about the content of the essay, which will help them to understand the essay more easily. Alpha History is an Australian-based site with writers and editors around the world. We produce free history content for teachers and students worldwide. Our website contains thousands of articles and resources on 11 different periods and events - from the American Revolution to the Troubles in Northern Ireland. Many history students fall into the trap of writing short paragraphs, sometimes containing as little as one or two sentences. A good history essay contains paragraphs that are themselves ‘mini-essays’, usually between words each. Create a list at the end of the paper where you acknowledge all the books and articles you referred to in your own written piece. If you don’t cite the sources, you might be accused of plagiarism. At this stage of essay writing, focus primarily on the content. Take your time and organize the information you have in a logical narration based on the outline. Learn to write the perfect 500 word essay with this step-by-step guide. We will also provide an example for inspiration. Includes sample introduction, body, and conclusion paragraphs. It serves both as an answer to the question and the focal point of your writing. This is an obvious tip â€" but one sadly neglected by some students.

Introduction

Introduction Brainstorming helps you to see what you know about the topic. Brainstorming, researching and planning are cyclical, which means that each process helps the other processes and you might want to do each process more than once. The first two articles have been cited 90 times and 103 times respectively, suggesting that they might be good sources for your essay. Thus, it will be argued that despite chocolate’s positive effect in some cases on mood and the cardiovascular system it has also been linked to addiction and obesity. Leave yourself enough time to look at your essay more than once. For a 1000 word essay you need at least three days to redraft your essay. Essays also sometimes begin with an issue, outline the scope and then move on to end the introduction with the thesis statement. ‘Integrity’ relates to ‘honesty’, and academic integrity involves writing in an honest way, so that no one will think you are claiming that words or ideas from someone else are your own. This is very important in academic writing in western countries, and if you do not do this you might be accused of plagiarism, which is a serious offence at university. Obesity and chocolate consumption seemingly have no proven correlations. Another possible positive dimension to chocolate is a correlation with cardiovascular health. Yet the potential benefits of flavanols in chocolate are currently offset by the high fat/carbohydrate content of most forms of chocolate. Whether chocolate is a food or a drug is also unclear. It can therefore be said that chocolate is not a healthy food, but can be enjoyed as part of a healthy and balanced diet and lifestyle. To write a 1000 word essay, ideally you should allow yourself about 3 weeks. Writing your introduction last means you are more likely to have a tighter fit between the introduction, main body and conclusion because you already know what your essay will be about. Topic sentenceThe topic sentence can function as a sentence of transition from the previous paragraph. Once you have brainstormed your ideas and done some initial research, start putting them into a logical order as part of the essay planning process. If your essay is already written and needs to be corrected for proper syntax, grammar and spelling, this option is for you. We can either improve your writing before your teacher sees the work, or make corrections after. Being a good writer involves using other people’s ideas to support your work. However, you should never forget to say where these ideas come from, even if you don’t quote the person’s exact words. Chocolate has chemical properties that can influence mood and there is possible evidence for some positive impacts of chocolate on cardiovascular health. Yet, such positive attributes are counterbalanced somewhat by the argument that, in some instances, chocolate can be viewed as a drug rather than a food. Moreover, there is the possibility of some correlation between over-consumption of chocolate and obesity. You might wonder how you can include your own voice and still sound academic when you are writing about a subject area in which you have little knowledge. Including your voice does not mean that you should say ‘I think’ or ‘in my opinion’. Since Spanish explorers brought back chocolate from the new world, chocolate consumption has become a worldwide phenomenon. At first, chocolate, a derivative of the cacao bean, was consumed as a drink, only later achieving mass popularity in tablet or bar form. Sometimes, particularly in very short essays, the essay will begin with an issue rather than a background statement. The thesis and scope are sometimes combined to form one or more sentences known as a thesis statement. The thesis statement often comes at the end of the introduction, although it can be written earlier. However, chocolate’s inherent popularity does not equate to it possessing healthy properties, as suggested by the title. The realities of chocolate are more down to earth; a number of these realities will be addressed in this essay.

Introduction

Introduction Brainstorming helps you to see what you know about the topic. Brainstorming, researching and planning are cyclical, which means that each process helps the other processes and you might want to do each process more than once. The first two articles have been cited 90 times and 103 times respectively, suggesting that they might be good sources for your essay. Thus, it will be argued that despite chocolate’s positive effect in some cases on mood and the cardiovascular system it has also been linked to addiction and obesity. Leave yourself enough time to look at your essay more than once. For a 1000 word essay you need at least three days to redraft your essay. Essays also sometimes begin with an issue, outline the scope and then move on to end the introduction with the thesis statement. ‘Integrity’ relates to ‘honesty’, and academic integrity involves writing in an honest way, so that no one will think you are claiming that words or ideas from someone else are your own. This is very important in academic writing in western countries, and if you do not do this you might be accused of plagiarism, which is a serious offence at university. Obesity and chocolate consumption seemingly have no proven correlations. Another possible positive dimension to chocolate is a correlation with cardiovascular health. Yet the potential benefits of flavanols in chocolate are currently offset by the high fat/carbohydrate content of most forms of chocolate. Whether chocolate is a food or a drug is also unclear. It can therefore be said that chocolate is not a healthy food, but can be enjoyed as part of a healthy and balanced diet and lifestyle. To write a 1000 word essay, ideally you should allow yourself about 3 weeks. Writing your introduction last means you are more likely to have a tighter fit between the introduction, main body and conclusion because you already know what your essay will be about. Topic sentenceThe topic sentence can function as a sentence of transition from the previous paragraph. Once you have brainstormed your ideas and done some initial research, start putting them into a logical order as part of the essay planning process. If your essay is already written and needs to be corrected for proper syntax, grammar and spelling, this option is for you. We can either improve your writing before your teacher sees the work, or make corrections after. Being a good writer involves using other people’s ideas to support your work. However, you should never forget to say where these ideas come from, even if you don’t quote the person’s exact words. Chocolate has chemical properties that can influence mood and there is possible evidence for some positive impacts of chocolate on cardiovascular health. Yet, such positive attributes are counterbalanced somewhat by the argument that, in some instances, chocolate can be viewed as a drug rather than a food. Moreover, there is the possibility of some correlation between over-consumption of chocolate and obesity. You might wonder how you can include your own voice and still sound academic when you are writing about a subject area in which you have little knowledge. Including your voice does not mean that you should say ‘I think’ or ‘in my opinion’. Since Spanish explorers brought back chocolate from the new world, chocolate consumption has become a worldwide phenomenon. At first, chocolate, a derivative of the cacao bean, was consumed as a drink, only later achieving mass popularity in tablet or bar form. Sometimes, particularly in very short essays, the essay will begin with an issue rather than a background statement. The thesis and scope are sometimes combined to form one or more sentences known as a thesis statement. The thesis statement often comes at the end of the introduction, although it can be written earlier. However, chocolate’s inherent popularity does not equate to it possessing healthy properties, as suggested by the title. The realities of chocolate are more down to earth; a number of these realities will be addressed in this essay.

Introduction

Introduction Brainstorming helps you to see what you know about the topic. Brainstorming, researching and planning are cyclical, which means that each process helps the other processes and you might want to do each process more than once. The first two articles have been cited 90 times and 103 times respectively, suggesting that they might be good sources for your essay. Thus, it will be argued that despite chocolate’s positive effect in some cases on mood and the cardiovascular system it has also been linked to addiction and obesity. Leave yourself enough time to look at your essay more than once. For a 1000 word essay you need at least three days to redraft your essay. Essays also sometimes begin with an issue, outline the scope and then move on to end the introduction with the thesis statement. ‘Integrity’ relates to ‘honesty’, and academic integrity involves writing in an honest way, so that no one will think you are claiming that words or ideas from someone else are your own. This is very important in academic writing in western countries, and if you do not do this you might be accused of plagiarism, which is a serious offence at university. Obesity and chocolate consumption seemingly have no proven correlations. Another possible positive dimension to chocolate is a correlation with cardiovascular health. Yet the potential benefits of flavanols in chocolate are currently offset by the high fat/carbohydrate content of most forms of chocolate. Whether chocolate is a food or a drug is also unclear. It can therefore be said that chocolate is not a healthy food, but can be enjoyed as part of a healthy and balanced diet and lifestyle. To write a 1000 word essay, ideally you should allow yourself about 3 weeks. Writing your introduction last means you are more likely to have a tighter fit between the introduction, main body and conclusion because you already know what your essay will be about. Topic sentenceThe topic sentence can function as a sentence of transition from the previous paragraph. Once you have brainstormed your ideas and done some initial research, start putting them into a logical order as part of the essay planning process. If your essay is already written and needs to be corrected for proper syntax, grammar and spelling, this option is for you. We can either improve your writing before your teacher sees the work, or make corrections after. Being a good writer involves using other people’s ideas to support your work. However, you should never forget to say where these ideas come from, even if you don’t quote the person’s exact words. Chocolate has chemical properties that can influence mood and there is possible evidence for some positive impacts of chocolate on cardiovascular health. Yet, such positive attributes are counterbalanced somewhat by the argument that, in some instances, chocolate can be viewed as a drug rather than a food. Moreover, there is the possibility of some correlation between over-consumption of chocolate and obesity. You might wonder how you can include your own voice and still sound academic when you are writing about a subject area in which you have little knowledge. Including your voice does not mean that you should say ‘I think’ or ‘in my opinion’. Since Spanish explorers brought back chocolate from the new world, chocolate consumption has become a worldwide phenomenon. At first, chocolate, a derivative of the cacao bean, was consumed as a drink, only later achieving mass popularity in tablet or bar form. Sometimes, particularly in very short essays, the essay will begin with an issue rather than a background statement. The thesis and scope are sometimes combined to form one or more sentences known as a thesis statement. The thesis statement often comes at the end of the introduction, although it can be written earlier. However, chocolate’s inherent popularity does not equate to it possessing healthy properties, as suggested by the title. The realities of chocolate are more down to earth; a number of these realities will be addressed in this essay.

Short Essay

Short Essay Questions to ask of your introduction and conclusion may be useful. Later composers moved away from strict symphonic form. As you can see from the assignment planning calculator, if you only start your essay a few days before the due date, you will have to do things too quickly. Before you begin your essay, have a look at the Massey University assignment planning calculator. View a text version of the above proofreading and editing your essay considerations. Some retained a loose link to it while others abandoned it completely, in favour of more fluid patterns. It would be rare, however, to find a symphony that was without structure or pattern of any kind; it would probably not be satisfactory either to play or to listen to. Similarly, a structure of some kind is probably essential for every essay, however revolutionary. While a certain level of efficiency is desirable, it is also important to remain flexible enough to identify relevant and interesting ideas that you had not anticipated. Throughout this process, the essay title is the single immovable feature. You begin there; you end there; and everything in between needs to be placed in relation to that title. The most important starting point is to listen carefully to what the essay title is telling you. using critical writing as much as possible; with descriptive writing being used where necessary, but kept to a minimum. The word limit adds to the challenge by requiring that all of these skills be demonstrated within a relatively small number of words. Producing incisive and clear written work within a word limit is an important skill in itself, which will be useful in many aspects of life beyond university. MyEssayWriter.net does everything it says it will do and on time. You will not have a single worry if MyEssayWriter.net assists you on your schoolwork. We complete math, stats, chemistry labs, and multiple choice. Just let us know what you need, and we will complete your timed assignment. While you may not be able to cite Wikipedia itself, you can often find those original sources and site them. If you don’t know enough about your topic, Wikipedia can be a great resource to quickly learn everything you need to know to get started. Here are some words and phrasesyou don’t want to use. If you focus on how, you’ll always have enough to write about. I can’t guarantee you’ll get a higher grade , but I can absolutely promise you’ll have a lot more fun writing. You’re trying to get an A instead of writing something that’s actually good. You’re trying to write something your teacher or professor will like. Fill in the contact form below if you would like a quotation or if you would like to find out more about our services. Here is the final version of the chocolate essay. You can also download a PDF version of the chocolate essay. A collection of Question lists is available via the Learning Development website. These lists suggest questions to ask of your writing when you are reviewing it. When you’re finished, share your five sentences in the comments section. Check the reference section of Wikipedia’s articles on your topic. The central part of your essay is where the structure needs to do its work, however explicit or implicit your chosen structure may be. The structure you choose needs to be one that will be most helpful to you in addressing the essay title. Every PowerPoint slide includes words of speaker notes. Each project includes visual cues for you to present your PowerPoint with ease. However, if you are doing a group work assignment and your lecturer has asked you to work together and submit the assignment jointly, that is not collusion. Collusion, like plagiarism, has an element of dishonesty in it. People who collude do so secretly, as they know that the lecturer would not be happy.

Are You Facing A Problem In Writing An Assignment? Hire Sourceessay Essay Writers

Are You Facing A Problem In Writing An Assignment? Hire Sourceessay Essay Writers A long sentence might act against the writer if it has too much of information. It might result in the reader losing interest or concentration in the essay. Essay writing skills are an important asset that helps in conveying one’s thoughts and opinions in a terse manner to the readers. Thus, one needs to keep improving our skills by reading, analyzing and communicating consistently. This article covers sufficient details about an essay. The article has provided you with the necessary understanding of how to structure an essay. It also covered the necessary tips to make the essay more effective. The opening sentence is followed by either a supporting sentence or an additional challenge. The next statement ideally would state a few examples to prove the presented opinion or point of view. To conclude, one can say that essay writing is a skill that is mastered gradually. One needs to understand the motive of an essay carefully in order to lay a good impression on the reader with the essay. Ideally, 10-15% more words than the specified minimum length are acceptable and act in your favor. Hence, try to maintain this word limit standard in your writing. Hence, one should not expect the reader to be skilled at understanding jumbled words and complex sentences. In addition to that, the article acts as a guideline for improving your essay writing skills. If you are provided an essay with a specified word limit, make sure to follow it. Usually, in competitive exams, the essay topics come with a word limit restriction. Deposit funds into your EssayShark balance for writer to start on your order. The collaboration continues after you receive the essay, too. If you need any revisions, explain how the writer failed to meet your expectations and what you’d like them to improve. You are given access to your essay writer online and are able to make direct contact. This is another sort of an analytical essay where the writer needs to first identify the problems that might come up in an event or a situation and suggest solutions to it. For instance â€" “Replacing the laborers with Robots in an industry â€" Identify the challenges and suggest solutions to make the implementation easy”. Recently, essays have become popular in various competitive exams including banking and other exams to judge the applicant’s thought process. An essay involves brainstorming on a given topic. Hence, it is an indicator of how a person thinks and also about the vocabulary that the person holds. It also helps in identifying the person’s ability to express thoughts in a crisp and clear manner. For an essay to become critical, you need to claim a text’s particular ideas and then support that claim with evidence. Write three or four key points that you think will support your argument. It is important to have a closing statement or a linking statement before moving on to the next paragraph. In case of a 2-point essay topic, usually, each paragraph ends with a closing statement for the discussed topic in the corresponding paragraph. However, in an essay of Effects and causes type might need a linking statement to allow the second paragraph to flow.

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Essay Writer Service We supply students with genuine papers that are one-of-a-kind and have no doubles. Your order will be accomplished by someone who’s 100% aware of the requested topic. And the mistakes writers generally make is to go about it in a haphazard manner which leaves the reader confused. So it is important to organize your thoughts and content. Write the information in a systematic flow so that the reader can comprehend. So, for example, you were narrating an incident. Our goal is to make sure you get the exact type of paper you initially wanted! It implies high quality, swift delivery, and full confidentiality. We neither share nor store any sensitive customer data. Payments are processed via secure and time-tested online billing services, as well as Visa and MasterCard if you pay for essay texts by debit/credit card. More than 96% or orders arrive on time or beforehand. Our specialists write essays for money whereas the price is always reasonable. Depending on your budget and deadlines, you can have a new composition written for cheap according to your deadline. Authentic texts guarantee that there’s no cheating involved, while your academic integrity stays strong. Re-selling or rewriting old papers has nothing to do with Grade Miners. For every new customer, we offer 15% off their first order. Use the promo code “first15” at the order page to activate the discount. Every writer responds to the customer’s messages promptly in a lenient and cheerful fashion. The best manner to do this would be to go in a chronological order. There is plenty of scopes to get creative in the introduction of essays. This will ensure that you hook the reader, i.e. draw and keep his attention. So to do so you can start with a quote or a proverb. This writer will work solely on your order until it’s fully complete, and you’re genuinely satisfied with the final draft. If yours isn’t on the list on the order page, then select “Other.” In turn, we’ll match you with a subject-relevant essay writer who’ll be able to help with your homework assignment. The urgency of orders varies from 1 hour to 2 months. In addition, there are three basic levels of writers. You’ve visited the right kind of website, so you can consider your request done. We’ll match you with a pro academic writer, a proven expert in a subject matter you seek. We offer 25+ subject matters that are most commonly ordered online by your peers. If a subject isn’t on the list, there’s such an option as “Other.” Choose it, and we’ll find you a great writer individually. Grade Miners will take good care of your essays and research papers, while you’re enjoying your day. Your best supporting idea â€" the one that most strongly makes your case and, simultaneously, about which you have the most knowledge â€" should go first. Even the best-written essays can fail because of ineffectively placed arguments. Although it may seem like a waste of time â€" especially during examswhere time is tight â€" it is almost always better to brainstorm a bit before beginning your essay. This should enable you to find the best supporting ideas â€" rather than simply the first ones that come to mind â€" and position them in your essay accordingly. One way to think of the conclusion is, paradoxically, as a second introduction because it does in fact contain many of the same features. While it does not need to be too long â€" four well-crafted sentence should be enough â€" it can make or break and essay. Usually, we have a lot of information to provide in the body. Another interesting strategy to engage with your reader is to start with a question. It is a creative process so it should not be confined within boundaries. However, there is a basic structure that is generally followed while writing essays. So let us take a look at the general structure of an essay. We offer lower prices for orders with a standard and extended deadline.

Custom Writing And Editing Services

Custom Writing And Editing Services Only collect information that will be useful â€" don’t waste time compiling masses of information that will not be used. Blank sheet â€" Take a blank sheet of paper and write whatever occurs to you, anywhere on the sheet, as you think about the question. The key verbs here, need to be looked at carefully because they indicate the approach you are expected to take when you prepare and write the essay. Know what you are going to write about before you start writing. For any formal writing things, you should keep in mind is Introduction, Body, and Conclusion. Your Intro should be short and precise and convey what the subject is. The body should cover all the points regarding the topic and the conclusion should connect all the dots. Why because people always attract to read the short essays generally and the range mentioned here is the ideal length. If you want to increase or decrease it then you should take a creative license. The need to use such a wide range of academic skills is probably the main reason why the essay format is so popular with tutors as an assignment. Often with report writing there are many tasks to be done. In group work it may be appropriate to allocate tasks between group members. Whatever the situation, try to think ahead and plan your strategy, bearing in mind the time limit that you have to work within. As with teaching, it is often not until you try to communicate an argument and its evidence that you find where the gaps are in your knowledge or argument. So don’t be afraid of writing down your ideas before they are fully formed, or in the ‘right’ order. If necessary, the term ‘the author’ may also be used. You may, however, give supported judgements which use references, including examples of data to offer perceptive comment. Henry Ford did not, which is why he is given credibility as an expert on cars, not history. For a 1,000-word essay an introduction of approximately words would be appropriate. First, analyse the question and decide what it wants you to do. This set out a pattern for the numbers of movements within the symphony, and for the general structure of writing within each movement. The continued popularity of their work today shows that they clearly managed to achieve plenty of interest and variety within that basic structure. It is the argument, and how you decide to present and back up your argument, that will influence your decision on how to structure your essay. Students, here is the list of a massive collection of various kinds of essays in English. No matter where you are from, our list will assist you to the fullest with any kind of essay you need. Examples of this type of essay include compare, compare and contrast or differentiate questions. In this structure the similarities and/or differences between two or more items, for example, theories or models, are discussed paragraph by paragraph. Your assignment task may require you to make a recommendation about the suitability of the items you are comparing. Next, re-write it in an easily understandable form. Your notes will vary according to you and your style â€" make any that seem relevant to the subject area, at any time â€" put the information into a box, or special essay file. Some topics require you to research more, some to think and analyse more. The middle part of the essay must fulfil the promises made in your introduction, and must support your final conclusions. Failure to meet either or both of these requirements will irritate your reader, and will demonstrate a lack of self-critique and of editing. The composers Haydn and Mozart, working in the 18th century, tended to write symphonies to fit reliably and closely within what was called ‘symphonic form’. If you summarise another writer’s views, you must cite the source correctly. Academic writing must be objective in its approach; that is, students are not simply asked for opinions , but to analyse, judge and propose, using evidence. For this reason, the use of the personal pronouns (I, we, you…) should be avoided. And over-long paragraphs tend to demonstrate that you are not clear about the specific points you are making. Of course, these are general points, and there may be some occasions, or some subject areas, where long paragraphs are appropriate. A different pattern would be to use a paragraph to present and describe an idea/piece of evidence/quote/stage of argument, then to use the subsequent paragraph to explain its relevance.

Writing

Writing Sit down with a pencil and paper, or at your computer, and write whatever comes into your head about your topic, no matter how confused or disorganized. The essay writing techniques you’ll learn in the essay program are not just about producing a piece of work that gets a good grade, they’re also about effective learning. The essay writing process is linked to learning; developing a sound essay writing technique enhances your learning. The following provides an audio-visual representation of the essay writing diagram. In a long essay, your introduction might take up two or three paragraphs. You can also have as many middle paragraphs as you like. To outline the method of researching and preparing to write an academic essay. A step-by-step strategy to prepare for, research and write an academic essay. By rewriting the essay with the corrections in mind, you will teach yourself how to write those sections properly. You will create a memory of using proper grammar or spelling a word correctly. So, you will be more likely to write it correctly next time. What invariably ends up happening is that you end up writing three mini-essays that are only loosely connected. What’s important is that there is no set rule as to how many paragraphs you can use for any section of your essay. But before you start using them in academic essays, be very sure you know what they mean in the context of your essay. This process will help expand your vocabulary over time. Using these words when you write will also make your essay more vibrant . Every essay obviously has an introduction and a conclusion. One method for narrowing down your topic is called brainstorming. Brainstorming is a useful way to let ideas you didn't know you had come to the surface. If they find mistakes that you make often, you will be able to watch more closely for that error as you write future essays. This friend will also be able to point out grammatical or spelling errors that you might have missed. You might have learned a large number of fancy words when studying for an entrance exam. Just make sure you learn something new every time you write an essay, and you willgrow your abilities. The ASK service is run by Student Academic Leaders who have demonstrated abilities in academic writing, research and general all around awesome-ness. Students who complete the course and apply the lessons learned will have a full understanding of the essay writing process and how to achieve the best results. Academically, the information provided will help students from upper grade school to adult writers. If you are struggling to write the introduction, reword the essay question in your own words. Essays are a widely used form of assessment that is used by lecturers. As a student you will need to demonstrate the ability to create a coherent and logical argument that proves that you understood the course work. Writing an essay can be a difficult task, however this module will equip you with the necessary knowledge and skills to successfully write an essay.

Advanced Essay Structure

Advanced Essay Structure But, we’ve offered some adjusted timelines lower down in case you don’t have the whole summer to work with. That can make trying to communicate who you are as well as who you hope to become a daunting task. You might worry about sounding generic or not sounding like yourself or not sounding “smart” or “wise” enough. One of many students’ and parents’ biggest fears is the sheer anonymity of the process. Event times and information subject to change and not guaranteed. For example, an essay discussing Hitler’s rise to power in 1933 might close with a couple of sentences about how he consolidated and strengthened his power in . Start by providing a little context, then address the question, articulate your contention and indicate what direction your essay will take. Once you have finalised a plan for your essay, commence your draft. Once most of your research is complete and you have a strong contention, start jotting down a possible essay structure. In the active voice, the subject completes the action (e.g. “Hitler initiated the Beer Hall putsch to seize control of the Bavarian government”). In the passive voice, the action is completed by the subject (“The Beer Hall putsch was initiated by Hitler to seize control of the Bavarian government”). The active voice also helps prevent sentences from becoming long, wordy and unclear. Every essay should be proofread, edited and, if necessary, re-drafted before being submitted for assessment. Essays should ideally be completed a few days before their due date, then put aside for a day or two before proofreading. This need not be complicated, a few lines or dot points is ample. At some point in your research, you should begin thinking about a contention for your essay. Remember, you should be able to express it briefly as if addressing the essay question in a single sentence, or summing up in a debate. Your research should take shape from here, guided by the essay question and your own planning. Identify terms or concepts you do not know and find out what they mean. Most will start by reading an overview of the topic or issue, usually in some reliable secondary sources. This will refresh or build your existing understanding of the topic and provide a basis for further questions or investigation. Start constructing a plan as soon as you have received your essay question and given it some thought. An essay question will set some kind of task or challenge. It might ask you to explain the causes and/or effects of a particular event or situation. Tell the story of the most meaningful time you did this thingâ€"it might be, say, when you won a game, but it also might be when you lost a game, or when you quit the team. Did you grow up considering another place that is not where you currently live home? Tell the story of the first time you went there or the first time you remember going there. Was there a particular timeâ€"a summer, or a yearâ€"when that place became important? Referencing not only acknowledges the work of others, but it also gives authority to your writing and provides the teacher or assessor with an insight into your research. More information on referencing a piece of history writing can be found here. Your conclusion need not be as long or as developed as your body paragraphs. You should avoid introducing new information or evidence in the conclusion. One effective way to do this is with a brief summary of ‘what happened next’. It might ask if you agree or disagree with a statement. It might ask you to describe and analyse the causes and/or effects of a particular action or event. Or it might ask you to evaluate the relative significance of a person, group or event. An effective body paragraph should begin with a transition word or phrase to help your reader see the connections between your ideas. There are five kinds of weak thesis statements to avoid. Describe the first time you saw their home, in story form. Who’s a family member who lives with you and is important to you? Think of a specific time they helped you with something. What’s an important conversation you had with them? As you locate information, ask yourself if it is relevant or useful for addressing the question. Be creative with your research, looking in a variety of places. You may also find our page on writing for history to be useful. In history writing, the active voice is preferable to the passive voice.

Writing Your Assignment

Writing Your Assignment 500-word essays do not have to be exactly 500 words, but they should be as close as possible. The essay prompt may say “in under 500 words” or “in at least 500 words,” which would state whether 500 is the minimum or maximum word count. 500 words give you more room to express your opinion. Yet, it is still short enough that it does not need footnotes and cited resources, usually. If that information is not specified, write as much as you need to comprehensively address the prompt without frivolous content. During your scholarship applications, you may need to submit a 500-word essay answering a specific question. The theme of the essay can range from personal achievements to political controversies. Get all your thoughts on paper, and you can extend or shorten the essay during the editing process. The essay covered everything we wanted to without the need for extra words. If the prompt asked for at least 500 words, we would add another sentence to support one of the paragraphs. Since that was not a requirement though, we kept the essay as-is to avoid sounding wordy or repetitive. No matter which side of the argument you choose, you should acknowledge the other angle and negate those statements. As you will see below, we remark on why some students may not want cell phone usage policies. We will also suggest how to get around those concerns. Doing this provides the best possible support for your thesis because it shows you have taken every angle into consideration. 1,000+ word essay prompts are often used for writing competitions, where you may be asked to create a fictional story. The extra length gives room for extra creativity, but it also requires more time to put the perfect piece together. 500-word scholarship essays offer more writing flexibility than 250-word essays. With a shorter word count, you are often forced to summarize long-winded thoughts into quick to-the-point snippets. This means you can adjust your writing style to fit the message of the prompt. This guide will explain how to write a 500-word scholarship essay. Take out all conjunctions (aren’t, don’t, couldn’t, etc.). This will make your paper longer and is more appropriate for academic writing. Your conclusion should always begin by restating your thesis statement. Point â€" Present the main point of your paragraph. This will obviously vary in length, depending on the allocated word count of your essay, but should take between one and four sentences to introduce. A sophisticated sentence structure makes the world of difference to your argument. Make your essay easy for readers to understand by using a variety of sentence structures, long and short, and be precise so that your sentences don’t become too long or difficult to read. Make an essay plan before you begin and understand what your argument will be. Another scholarship essay length you may encounter is 1,000 words. With a 1,000-word scholarship essay, you will need to cite sources and provide detailed references to support your claims. A good vocabulary will allow you to express exactly what you mean, as clearly and concisely as possible. Economy with words is a characteristic of all good essays, so try to be precise and clear with arguments and points.

How to Start a Book Report Introduction

A good start is half of the work done. This is valid for a book report as well. But how to write an introduction for a book report in the way that will show your intentions, your understanding of the book content and at the same time attract the reader`s attention? You may be surprised, but the advice is very simple: prepare yourself properly. First of all, reading a book is important. You had better pay attention to all significant details or the ones that in some way surprised you or changed the way of your thinking. Trying to read summaries or to watch a movie isn’t an option as you cannot get acquainted with the book content properly. Other people may have understood the book in a completely different way, and you have to form your own opinion. Moreover, when you are making effort to catch the ideas from a summary, you are missing significant details that may be crucial for the understanding of the idea. Did you find some statements that you may want to use for your writing task? Write them down. Have you noticed a theme? Why not write it down as well, to compare later with your ideas and arguments? If a detail attracts your attention, don’t miss it, as later it may attract the attention of your reader as well. Start an Introduction for a Book Report with The Following In the introduction, you catch the attention of a reader and give your viewpoint. Here you show the reader that there are some things that can be interesting in your work and these things are definitely not the author’s biography and the title explanation. Most students like introducing the book with its title introduction, but you can do it only in case you are confident that you can make it in a super engaging and unexpected way. First-Hand Experience So, how to write a good introduction for a book report? Usually, people prefer reading first-hand experiences, some trustworthy information. Did you decide to mention the author who has written the book? Then, it is worth paying some attention to his personality and experience. Why has he written this book and why exactly this author is the one who could have written the best book in this field? Why can readers trust the facts described in the book? If your book is about traveling, then you describe the author as a person who has visited all those places that are described in his book and so on. Shocking Facts In the introduction, create a special engagement. That can be anything: some mystery, maybe a short story that cannot leave indifferent, anything that will make your reader get interested in the report. Do you have any ideas on how to manage this? Are there any practical examples that show how to get out of this issue? It is always helpful if you start an introduction to a book report with some shocking facts, if they are proven statistically, it is even better. For example, you have chosen a book that describes human rights violation in the developing countries, you can take one shocking case and describe it. Make it vivid. Does the reader feel the frustration and pain of the person whose example you are using? Make it personal. After that, give the statistical data about that phenomenon. Be careful with statistics though, as too many numbers weaken the effect and turn personal stories into dry numbers. Familiar Things One more way to attract their attention is to pay attention to something that is close and familiar to them, something that speaks out of their soul. Think what it can be. Are there any ads on TV that made you watch them till the end? How did they do? Can you use their method for your reader? Ask questions that evoke interest. Start with some hint of a drama. You know, most people like dramas. Check some examples that usually work with most people and which you can use when you are writing of a book report introduction: Feeling like a loser – how does it feel? Happy ending – how often can it happen in real life? Discovering a family secret – disclose or not to disclose? You see, that these questions are not something extraordinary. They all are about common life situations that happen everywhere to everybody. That is why talk about it. It helps to establish trust between you and your reader. You show that you know their concerns, their worries, and their pain. You are ready to speak about it. That is why you have chosen a book that is close to them as well. This is good for writing if it is about books describing people’s feelings during different periods of their life. A good example of a book report introduction can be written based on the â€Å"The Outsiders† by S.E.Hinton, the writer who wasn’t so famous among foreign readers but whose books deserve our attention. How does the author describe the teenager`s feelings and emotions? Do they have something in common with your emotional condition at that age? Everybody has lived those periods over, everybody knows all those feelings, even if they weren’t so intense. That is why everybody will perceive the book and your report with great warmth and understanding. The Book Is Famous What to do if your task is a report on a well-known book? What if the book has been described so many times that you simply don’t know what else to write about? How to write an introduction paragraph for a book report in this case, when an idea was described a number of times in the most popular sources? Even in such case, you can find your way. You may like the following options: Were there any events at that time that deserved special attention of the public and that influenced the society? How can you use them for your report? This method works very well with books containing the elements of the author`s biography. Are there any interesting facts or experiences from the life of the author that influenced his life? Can they impress the reader somehow? Consider Your Reader An introduction should not describe everything. But it is always useful to give a short outline of a book. Just imagine that some people have not read it. They still should understand your point. Share just the information that is crucial to the general understanding of the entire story. There is no place for details here. But you had better give some contradicting ideas and make a hint to something that may change the story in an unexpected way. Just as an example, you can start with an ordinary story but then make a sharp turn in the plot and make the reader guess what comes further. There is no perfect example of an introduction paragraph for a book report, as people are different, so they have a different way of perception of the same things. Moreover, among your readers, there may be someone who has managed to read the book, as well as those who haven’t cared to do it. Your obligation is to pay attention to both groups. New readers should feel welcomed and engaged, while experienced readers should be able to get new information from your report, new ideas and new arguments. If there is a need, you can even mention relevant literature and compare it to the book. All Facts Matter – Use Them for Book Report Introduction Authors choose locations and time deliberately, that is why these details mean something. If you find out how that can be connected to the main plot, how it influenced the time and location, you have a chance to write a good introduction to a book report. Don’t hesitate to share all your ideas. Is there any content connected to the title? How does the title reflect the main idea and the topic? How much sense does it make under the circumstances described in the book? Is the book aimed at entertaining or providing objective information? Is the moral connected to the content? Are there any controversies in the book and how are you going to discuss them? How did the book influence your perceptions and beliefs, if it did so? What to Do Further Now, after you have learned how to write a good introduction for a book report, you are free to move further to the actual report body and the conclusions. Take your time, just a few seconds to check some information which you have found out and which you want to discuss. How are the main characters connected to the moral, title and so on? What about the author`s conclusions and are they similar or contrasting to those that you made? Do you have anything to add, discuss or argue? State your ideas, arguments, and counter-arguments. Prove your attitude, check how the circumstances could have influenced the author, his ideas. Emphasize the turning points in the plot. How did they influence the characters? Discuss all examples that are engaged in a conflict with society, with other characters, with their own personality and show the solutions. How does the story ending correlate with the described conflicts and how logical or unexpected was it? Finally, make a conclusion where you will sum up everything and give your ideas. It Is Too Complicated, or Where to Order Your Task? That looks like a good piece of work, doesn’t it? Reading a book already requires time, even if you aren’t making notes and paying no attention to the facts that you can use later. You need to have proper knowledge not only about the theory regarding how to write a book report introduction but you need to find much more information about the circumstances in which or under which influence the plot was created. Moreover, this is not only time-demanding task but also a work that requires attention and some writing skills. If you believe that it is not your piece of cake, why not give this job to professionals who love writing and who can do it professionally? Place an order now and get your task with the most amazing introduction written by professionals.

Parenthood Should Have More Government Restrictions

Defunding Planned Parenthood Although my view is consistent with a capitalistic micro government, Planned Parenthood should have more government restrictions. Most people would beg to differ for several reasons. This issue has a two sided debate and there is no wrong or right answer. The only way to come down to a fair conclusion is by making a pros and cons list, so one can see each side instead of being close-minded. Planned Parenthood has been controversial due to the services it provides to women and teens in the United States, however the government enforce restrictions in order to prevent corruption. Planned Parenthood is a huge provider for women, teens, and families. According to their website they describe themselves as, â€Å"†¦leading providers of high quality, affordable health care for women, men, and young people, and the nation’s largest provider of sex education† (Planned Parenthood, 2015). They have about 700 health centers around the United States, which cater to both men and women. They are open all year long and they have outreach to more than five million women, men, and adolescents worldwide. They provide them with birth control, counseling, breast exams, STDs testing, etc. Planned Parenthood is a nonprofit organization to the public, which has eight million activists, supporters, and donors working for women’s health and safety and our fundamental reproductive rights according to their website. This organization cares for their patients and only threeShow MoreRelatedPlanned Parenthood : A Program That Has Been Servicing Communities For Over 100 Years909 Words   |  4 PagesPlanned Parenthood a program that has been servicing communities for over 100 years by providing sexual health care and preventative services for women and men is going to be possibly defunded by the government according to â€Å"the Grand Old Party†, or Republican Party. In an order to avoid government a shutdown in efforts to save federal funding, the government will defund Planned Parenthood for one year to create financial savings. According to the Washington Post, â€Å"Planned Parenthood receives aboutRead MoreGendered Politics Project : Women And Healthcare1278 Words   |  6 PagesHealth care has drastically changed throughout the years, especially for women. Areas that have experienced trouble have been Planned Parenthood, and whether or not birth control should be included in insurance and/or provided by healthcare agencies or employers. Planned Parenthood has been getting attacked because of people who do not believe abortion is a morally conscious decision. Planned Parenthood helps women who are unable to afford the care they need while pregnant, teaches safe sex, andRead MoreAbortion is Woman’s Right to Choose Essay example1532 Words   |  7 PagesAbortion is Woman’s Right to Choose With so many women choosing to have abortions, it would be expected that it would not be so greatly frowned up, yet society is still having problems with its acceptance. Every woman has the fundamental right to decide for herself, free from government interference, whether or not to have an abortion. Today, more than ever, American families do not want the government to trample on their right to privacy by mandating how they must decide on the most intimateRead MoreAbortion And Abortion1002 Words   |  5 Pagesis, we have to keep in mind how central the topic of abortion has been to the political atmosphere throughout the United States and more so, in Capitol Hill. The Republican’s counterpart, Democrats have accepted importance abortion has across party lines, as highlighted by Politico : â€Å"the politics of abortion are already vexing vulnerable senators from both parties on the 2018 ballot† (Schor 2017). More over, Democrats distinguish themselves from Republican s as they presume that women have the abilityRead MoreTexas : A Long History Of Conflict With The Federal Government1524 Words   |  7 Pagesfederal government over laws and policies, particularly when dealing with environmental, social, and educational issues. Texas has conservative right-wing views and has been in conflict more often with the federal government since President Obama has been in office. The dilemma generally arises from a clash in opposing political and social views. One major issue that has arisen in over the course of the last two years has been a battle over funding for Planned Parenthood. Although the courts have deemedRead MorePlanned Parenthood1299 Words   |  6 PagesPlanned Parenthood Planned Parenthood federation of America (PPFA), better known as Planned Parenthood, is a non-profit organization that provides healthcare and family planning services. Planned Parenthood is the nations leading sexual and reproductive health care provider and advocate (Planned). Planned Parenthood receives federal funding to help practice the services they provide, but some groups believe that funding this organization is morally wrong. Critics of Planned Parenthood say theRead MoreEssay about Although Controversial, Abortion is a Reality845 Words   |  4 Pagesreality. Many women have practiced abortion and many more will continue doing it regardless of the laws allowing, restricting, or prohibiting this practice. According to statistics provided by Planned Parenthood 3 out of 10 women in the U.S. have an abortion by the time they are 45 years old. Abortion was legalized by the Supreme Court in its landmark 1973 decision Roe v. Wade. However, as the nation marked the 40th anni versary of this historical decision, lawmakers have enacted more than 130 laws limitingRead MoreAbortion : A Controversial Debate1305 Words   |  6 PagesAbortions continue to be a controversial topic for not only the American people, but the congress as well. Republicans argue their views on why the American people should not be forced to pay taxes that will directly go to abortions procedures, and Democrats continue to rebut. This controversial debate revolves directly around Planned Parenthood. GOP continues to push the ban on federal funds allotted to this particular organization, due to its involvement in abortions and alleged tissue and stem cellRead MoreParenthood Act Of 2015 And Child Interstate Notification Act1710 Words   |  7 Pagesissue such as Defund Planned Parenthood Act of 2015 and Child Interstate Notification Act have both greatly influenced the public’s opinion of abortion. Although, the issue of abortion hasn’t always been like this; according to Timeline of Abortion Laws and Events, an article from the Chicago Tribune, â€Å"The earliest anti-abortion laws were intended to protect women from untrained abortionists.† (Timeline) Since the 1973 passing of the Supreme Court Case, Roe V Wade, women have been able to obtain the abortionRead MoreAbortion Is Morally Wrong Or Not? Essay1234 Words   |  5 Pagesyears (2011 to 2016) there has been over 230 abortion restrictions enacted by states in the US. In 2016 alone, there has been 1,256 provisions relating to sexual and reproductive health and rights. Of these 1,256, 445 provisions attempted to restrict access to abortion services (Nas, E., Benson Gold, R., Ansari-Thomas, Z., Cappello, O., Mohammed, L., 2016). Women’s rights as a human and as a US citizen are being violated through these restrictions. There is currently a strong disagreement in the US

The Influence of Social Class on Language Variation. (the...

*The Influence of Social Class on Language Variation. (The Case of Pygmalion) [pic] *Introduction: -The aim of this paper is to introduce the ways in which language can vary, including change over time and variation within linguistic communities, the effects of contact between speakers of different languages and dialects, the development of language as it is being acquired and learned, the sporadic errors which can occur in normal language production, and the nature of speech and languages disorders (According to the study of the play called Pygmalion which we are going to talk about further on). Understanding these phenomena of language variation requires familiarity with, in particular, Sociolinguistics and Leechs Politeness Theory,†¦show more content†¦The Modesty maxim -The Modesty maxim states: Minimize the expression of praise of self; maximize the expression of dispraise of self. Oh, Im so stupid - I didnt make a note of our lecture! Did you? The Agreement maxim -The Agreement maxim runs as follows: Minimize the expression of disagreement between self and other; maximize the expression of agreement between self and other. -It is in line with Brown and Levinsons positive politeness strategies of seek agreement and avoid disagreement, to which they attach great importance. -However, it is not being claimed that people totally avoid disagreement. -It is simply observed that they are much more direct in expressing agreement, rather than disagreement. A: I dont want my daughter to do this, I want her to do that. B: Yes, but maam, I thought we resolved this already on your last visit. The Sympathy maxim -The sympathy maxim states: minimize antipathy between self and other; maximize sympathy between self and other. This includes a small group of speech acts such as congratulation, commiseration, and expressing condolences - all of which is in accordance with Brown and Levinsons positive politeness strategy of attending to the hearers interests, wants, and needs. I am sorry to hear about your father. -What we have just read could be examined and witnessed in the play called â€Å"Pygmalion†. -First of all the word (Pygmalion) means: Greek myth aShow MoreRelatedStylistic Potential of the English Noun16714 Words   |  67 Pages 1.1 Functions of the language and connotative meanings -7 1.2 Grammatical Stylistics and Stylistic Grammar -9 1.3 The meaning of the grammatical form -10 1.4 Noun in different functional styles -10 1.5 Stylistic potential of the English noun -11 1.5.1 Stylistic potential of the category of gender -11 1.5.2 Stylistic potential of the category of number -26 1.5.3 Stylistic potential of the category of case -30 1.5.4 Stylistic potentialRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesmymanagementlab is an online assessment and preparation solution for courses in Principles of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesvi BRIEF CONTENTS 4 The Organization System 16 Organizational Culture 511 17 Human Resource Policies and Practices 543 18 Organizational Change and Stress Management 577 Appendix A Research in Organizational Behavior Comprehensive Cases Indexes Glindex 637 663 616 623 Contents Preface xxii 1 1 Introduction What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Importance of Interpersonal Skills 4 What Managers Do 5 Management Functions 6 †¢ Management Roles 6 †¢ ManagementRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 34 45 48 52 . . . . . . 54 . . . . . . 56 . . . . . . 57 . . . . . . 88 . . . . . . 97 . . . . . 101 . . . . . 103 . . . . . 104 xvii xviii Illustrations Figure 5.5. Political, Economic, Social, and Technological (PEST) Factors Impact Planning. . . . . . . . . Figure 5.6. Several Factors Must Be Considered in Initial Strategic Planning Steps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 5.7. University of California–Berkeley Library’s Value

Run Lola Run Speech free essay sample

‘Run Lola Run’ is a film directed by Tom Tykwer that portrays many distinctively visual images through three themes; time, chance and life as a game. These themes are portrayed in the film explicitly through the composer’s effective use of techniques in creating uniquely visual images. Theme 1: Time is a very powerful force in people’s lives. Time is a focal theme displayed in the film ‘Run Lola Run’ and conveyed as a powerful aspect of the three runs throughout the film. A distinctively visual image relating to the theme time is when the screen shows three camera shots of Lola running, Manni impatiently waiting and a clock ticking in time. The visual technique applied is the use of insert shot; where a sequence of shots are displayed to portray an effective manner of time passing. Clocks are presented throughout the film. In the opening sequence a background sound of a clock ticking can be heard and the following misen-scene consists of a close up of a pendulum swinging ominously, then the camera pans upwards to reveal a demonic clock. We will write a custom essay sample on Run Lola Run Speech or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The low angle shot of the clock emphasises the power of that time will have in the film. Overall the main theme time is a significant aspect of the film that is represented throughout the film through the use of distinctive visual images and techniques. Theme 2: Chance is a theme that is clearly portrayed in this film. The editing of this film highlights the major role that this theme plays in the lives of the characters. Images that represent the theme of chance during the film include the clippings that are shown of people that Lola runs into. These clippings show a flash forward in the people’s lives. These flash forwards clearly portray the theme of chance. Another significant scene which represents the theme of chance is the casino scene. Everyone in the casino crowd around Lola in the long shots that show the spectacle that she creates in the being so lucky. When she leaves, the audience is presented with a long shot of all the people who were in the casino staring blankly after her. When Lola rolls the dice in the casino we see close up shots of the dice and some of the scene is filmed in slow motion to indicate the gravity of what is happening and to draw the viewer’s attention. This also increases suspense for the audience. It is through the techniques of editing and shots and angles that the theme of chance is clearly portrayed. Theme 3: Another theme in the film is the notion of life as a game. Tykwer emphasises this theme using various visual images and techniques throughout certain scenes in the film. One effective technique that is implemented is animation. The image of an animated Lola running in the opening sequence and the animated Lola running down the spiral staircase at the beginning of each run creates a ‘game-like’ atmosphere. The use of this technique is to engage the viewers in a world running on the time of a game. A further image depicted throughout the film is the way Lola is given three chances to try and save Manni in the most efficient way possible. This is seen as a game as she is given another life every time she fails her previous attempt. Conclusion: Tykwer, uses a range of distinctively visual images and techniques to vividly portray the themes of time, chance and life as a game in the film ‘Run Lola Run’.

The Effect of Advertising on Youth a Focus on the Tobacco Industry Essay Example

The Effect of Advertising on Youth a Focus on the Tobacco Industry Essay Advertising is a one-way communication whose function is to notify possible customers about products and services and how to acquire them. Every major medium is used to deliver these messages, including: television, radio, movies, magazines, newspapers, video games, the Internet and billboards. Advertising is often placed by an advertising agency on behalf of a company. One definition of advertising would be: Advertising is the non personal communication of information usually paid for and usually persuasive in nature about products, services or ideas by identified sponsors through the various media. (Richard F. Taflinger). In other words, advertising could be categorized as a facet which feed the consumer with information regarding a specific product that the consumer is could be purchasing. However, the aim is not only providing information about a given product, but also it should be born in mind that advertising provides all sort of information regarding the advertised product to the consumers. (Nelson, 1974). In an attempt to stress the significance of advertising on youth, the researcher thought of integrating a specific industry which had a lot of controversial literature and its effect on youth. The industry in hand is the tobacco industry. Research Objectives: The main objective of this paper is to draw the lines to the direct connections in terms of effectiveness between advertising and youth aged 15 to 25 years. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effect of Advertising on Youth a Focus on the Tobacco Industry specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Effect of Advertising on Youth a Focus on the Tobacco Industry specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Effect of Advertising on Youth a Focus on the Tobacco Industry specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In an effort to emphasize this connection, the researcher tried to depict the effects of advertising on youth through the case of tobacco industry. Tobacco advertisements are considered here a vehicle to which the researcher planned to utilize to investigate the effects falling on youth. However, the researcher took a focus on cigarettes specifically, excluding other products of tobacco such as cigars and water pipes (shisha). Research Importance: The importance of this research, as the researcher perceives it, lies in the fact that advertising has taken a long course of development through the years to reach its 3- present influential status. However this status proved to be a double edged weapon when it comes to its medium of usage and the effect of on its target groups. In the following pages, a review of the literature would show the various effects of advertising on youth focusing on the tobacco industry. Literature Review: Function of Advertising: For the advertisement to reach its goal, it has to hit on the emotions of the viewer. This does not have to mean making advertisements that stress emotions, but rather advertisements that connects emotionally with consumers. This is the way to increasing product sales, broadening market share, or remind the consumer of the advertised product if this is the companys aim. Advertisements could also affect other non-using consumers by persuading them to purchase the new product. Such process could lead consumers to switching their product preferences and eventually becoming loyal consumers. (S. P. Raj, 1982). Significance of Advertising: In this competitive and fierce market, every company aims to have the most market share, and the most demand of the customers toward its products. Consequently, companies try to make the most attractive and effective advertisements about their new products, which reveals the importance of advertising in order to be able to compete better with other products. (Becker Murphy, 1993) Advertising plays a large role toward the consumer in order to remind him with the brand name and the product, also the product which have the most possibility in purchasing it habitually, so it plays a big role in improving the consumer mind with the product. Therefore, when the company is creating an ad; it should inform the consumers about the product and the brand, so as to obtain a positive effect toward the brand from the consumer, and this may lead to that the consumer will start thinking about this product that he may purchase and that is the purpose of any company when it makes an ad. (Kolter Armstrong, 2006) -4- On the other hand the product or the brand that is not well know toward the customers the company must create a lot of advertising in order to inform the customers about the brand, and this is an important reason that the product is well known to all the customers. Advertisements play a big role in which it increases the demand toward any product and it also may discourage a customer from switching behavior from one product to the other. And there are many advertisements that provide very little direct information about the product, but they provide the customers with indirect information about the quality of the product that is advertised. (Becker Murphy, 1993) The customers mostly get affected by the social and the psychological forces that the advertisements are created in; thus the company has to choose a good media, time, and places in order to inform all the customers about the product. Nelson, 1974) Advertising tends to affect the consumers who know the product well and the consumers who still don’t know it well. So it affects the consumers who are having the higher loyalty of the product in order to keep them up dated with the product so as not to forget it and let them purchase more and more of the product, but on the other han d the consumers who are having low loyalty with the product, the aim from any advertising that a company makes is to let them know the product and to keep with them until they start purchasing the product usually. And also a main point that the adverting aims to do is to make the consumers switch from the competitive products to the product of the company that is advertised now, and all of this depends on how the companies make their ads in order to be effective so it can affect the consumer when he sees it. (S. P. Raj, 1982) Advertising focuses on how it keeps the brand familiarity with its consumers, so it differs from a company that makes advertising for the customers who are still not familiar with the product. So as we see that the main aspect that the companies concentrate on now is to make advertisements that will have an effect on the consumers who are already familiar by the brand, so what any company want to reach from this point is to keep the brand information in the consumers mind so as they do not forget it and start looking for another brand that is competitive to our brand. (Kent Allen, 1994) There are now some companies that think that the advertising and the promotion makes the consumers much aware about the prices, and this had resulted in that the companies had decreased the effective prices that they charge on the products. 5- So now some companies tend to see and ask if the consumer may have a response toward any changes in the marketing mix strategies over a long period, for example, could this consumer changes his price sensitivity over a long period, or does his sensitivity toward the prices could increase and change over a long period and what are the aspects that had affected this changes, for example, if the company makes some changes in the advertising or promotions so could this result in a change in the consumers price sensitivity. (Mela, Gupta Lehmann, 1997) So these tasks will not esult only in the process that will let us know the differences and changes that will occur in the consumer’s behavior over a long period, but it will also help us in improving and providing better pricing, advertising, and promotion policies that will result in the improving the manufacturing process of the company. A long term period effects means that the companies tend to increase the consumers loyalty toward choosing their brand through making an effective advertising and promotions, and this processed over a long period, so that is why it is called the long term effect. Mela, Gupta Lehmann, 1997) However, the effect of advertising on consumers might differ depending on several factors. First, the consumer differences effect on advertising where any company or advertiser must take in to consideration that the advertising that they create must have a positive effect on the customers in order to grab their attention toward the product. It is also important to understand and to know the feelings and the attitudes of the customers, toward the product or the brand according to the ad that he watch and also how does his feeling is related through his contact to the ad. Edell Burke, 1987) Now most of the companies that intend to create an ad they attempt to concentrate on how the ad can affect the consumer emotions so that he can feel that this product is good and have better quality than other competitors, but this is not an easy job that may be done, because the emotions of any consumer is very hard to be affected with a normal ad, so there must be a different task to be done in o rder to affect the consumer emotion and all this will affect the consumer behavior. Kolter Armstrong, 2006) Second, the effect of consumer awareness of the product on advertising since the kind of any advertising differs from one good to the other because the goods that are already well known will not have a lot of ads in order to inform the consumer, but on the other hand the products that are unknown these are the ones that needs a lot of -6- advertising and concentration from the company toward this product so you can let your product to be well known in a little period of time. (Nelson, 1974) Chronologic development of Advertising: The 1960s saw advertising transform into a modern approach in which creativity was allowed to shine, producing unexpected messages that made advertisements more appealing to consumers eyes. The Volkswagen ad campaignfeaturing such headlines as Think Small and Lemon (which were used to describe the appearance of the car)ushered in the era of modern advertising by promoting a position or unique selling proposition designed to associate each brand with a specific idea in the reader or viewers mind. This period of American advertising is called the Creative Revolution and its poster boy was Bill Bern Bach who helped create the revolutionary Volkswagen ads among others. The late 1980s and early 1990s witnessed the introduction of cable television and particularly MTV. Pioneering the concept of the music video, MTV ushered in a new type of advertising: the consumer tunes in for the advertising message, rather than it being a byproduct or afterthought. As cable and satellite television became increasingly prevalent, specialty channels emerged, including channels entirely devoted to advertising, such as QVC, Home Shopping Network, and ShopTV. The same advertising techniques used to promote commercial goods and services can be used to inform, educate and motivate the public about noncommercial issues, such as AIDS and political philosophy. Advertising, in its noncommercial appearance, is a powerful educational device capable of reaching and motivating large audiences. Advertising justifies its existence when used in the public interest it is much too powerful a tool to use solely for commercial purposes. Attributed to Howard Gossage by David Ogilvy. Weighing Advertising: A way to measure advertising effectiveness is known as ad tracking. This advertising research method measures shifts in target market perceptions about the brand and product or service. These shifts in perception are plotted against the consumers’ levels of contact to the company’s advertisements and promotions. The -7- principle of Ad Tracking is generally to measure the effect of the media weight or spending level, the effectiveness of the media targeting, and the quality of the advertising implementation. The effect of advertising has been a matter of significant discussion and many different claims have been made in different situations. Over the past fifteen years a whole science of marketing research has been developed to find out the effect of advertisements on consumers, sales, profit and market share. During debates about the banning of cigarette advertising, a common claim from cigarette manufacturers was that cigarette advertising does not encourage people to smoke who would not otherwise. The opponents of advertising, on the other hand, claim that advertising does in fact increase spending. According to many sources, the past experience and state of mind of the person subjected to advertising may determine the impact that advertising has. Children under the age of four may be unable to differentiate advertising from other television programs, while the ability to determine the honesty of the message may not be developed until the age of eight. Effects of advertising vehicles on consumers: No one can deny that advertisement has become a very familiar aspect in our lives. Companies and businessmen tend to use advertisements as a method of selling and presenting their merchandise and services, using many forms of ads such as billboards, posters and mails. People are subjected on a daily basis to various advertisements starting from offering the most basic needs to highly luxurious goods. Such advertising has a direct impact on the human behavior that aims at pushing them to desire certain goods or services, and convince the public to behave in a profitable way to the advertiser, which make businessmen, have the will to pay millions of dollars on advertising (Maxwell 1931, 430-432). Previous studies by Lavidge and Steiner (1961) described the target of advertising based on three main purposes: cognitive, affective and conative. The cognitive purpose provides information in order to give the viewers enough knowledge about the product. The affective purpose is to persuade through generating -8- fondness and liking of the product. Lastly, the conative purpose is to arouse desire to actually buy the product (Grewal, Kavanoor, Fern, Costly and Barnes 1997, 2). Although advertising has a powerful impact on the human behavior, yet people should be cautious when dealing with such phenomenon, as it may have harmful, as well as, advantageous effect. In considering some of the positive outcomes of advertising, it can be suggested that it reduces cots for consumers, by arousing demands which leads to large scale production. Also, it raises the standard of living through educating the public to utilize products that are being supplied by government, individuals, industry and other institutions (Maxwell 1931, 431). There are also quite detrimental effects of advertising as for example some might aim at arousing the desire to buy harmful or unwanted products such as cigarettes. Advertising also overstates health superstitions, political prejudice through giving false notions. Moreover, it has a great influence on determining the lifestyles and habits of people, which makes these modes of living in the hands of producers and merchants who seek only profit (Maxwell 1931, 431-432). As a result of this huge manipulation of advertising on their lives, people should take precautions while dealing with such social force. They should be able to exploit advertising in an efficient way that ensures desiring worthy products, and resist the negative influence of advertising. In order to achieve such ability, people should have education, even in public schools, on how to response to advertisements appropriately, as it is a very common activity in our lives (Maxwell 1931, 432-433). Many previous studies agreed that the effect of television advertisements over time increases, stabilize, and ultimately decreases, which is called commercial wear out. For advertisements to regain its effectiveness, a period of no exposure should take place (Burke and Edell 1986, 114-117). The issue of how people remember TV commercials that suggest emotional reaction and those that do not, was also investigated. This process mainly depends on the executional attributes of the ad and the people’s processing when they first watch the ad and then when they try to remember it. It was asserted that recognizing the memory of advertisements is important due to the following reasons: a) people may tend to use these memory -9- ketches while deciding which products to buy (Baker Lutz, 1987; Biehal Chakravarti, 1986; Friestad and Thorson 1993, 2), b) advertisers may find ways of refreshing ad memories of people by setting â€Å"cues† in the places where they make their buying decisions (Keller 1987; Friestad and Thorson 1993, 2), c) measuring the level of ads recall is used in evaluating the effectiveness of the ad (Friestad and Thorson 1993, 1-2). During the process of watching TV advertising, people make decisions concerning the amount of attention and concentration towards the ad. Some people do no have a certain objective in mind while watching an ad, which leads to disperse of their cognitive resources as they are less involved in the viewing (Stephens Russo, 1987; Friestad and Thorson 1993, 3). In this type of viewing the level of classification, assessment and integration is very low, while other aspects such as insight and comprehension prevail (Greenwald Leavitt, 1984; MacInnis Jaworski, 1989; Friestad and Thorson 1993, 3). While on the other hand, people who want to evaluate during the view of ads will direct their cognitive resources to information significant to their evaluation. This type of viewing may produce two types of memory traces. First, an episodic memory structure, in which the task generated in the people’s minds, focuses cognitive resources on information relevant to that task. Second, a semantic knowledge structure is produced which includes only the task- relevant information and any accompanying evaluations (Lichtenstein Srull, 1985; Friestad and Thorson 1993, 3). Previous studies proved that events that arouse emotional reactions are more likely to be remembered than non-emotional events (Bolles, 1988; Brewer, 1988; Nilsson, 1984; Friestad and Thorson 1993, 5). It is proposed that ads that arouse emotional reactions is very much associated with episodic encoding processes (Tulving, 1983; Friestad and Thorson 1993, 5), and that the lack of any encoding objectives increases the viewer’s propensity to experiential encoding, due to the focusing of the viewer’s emotional reactions resources on the parts in the ad that arouses his emotion (Friestad and Thorson 1993, 5-6). Many researchers such as Scherer and Ross (1990) discussed the idea of advertising products that have very small differences in appearance and physical 10 haracteristics, on a very large scale. An example that would illustrate more is the industry of soft drinks, where the two leading market competitors are Coca-Cola and Pepsi. Both of them have a huge advertising campaign, yet they are extremely similar, even regular drinkers can hardly differentiate between them. The same goes with the industry of coffee, beer and cigarettes (Von Der Fehr and Stevick 1998, 113) . It has been proved that if advertising increases supposed product differences, levels of equilibrium advertising decrease in the extent to which product are differentiated. While if advertising supreme product diversity, then advertising levels increase in the extent to which products are differentiated, whereas the motivation that increases readiness to pay is insignificant to the level of product differentiation (Von Der Fehr and Stevick 1998, 124). Types of advertising: Moving on to the types of advertising, a variety of types has been studied including comparative and non-comparative, political and persuasive advertising. Comparative and non-comparative advertising: Comparative advertising has proven to be one of the most widespread and popular types of advertising in the United States media. This popularity is probably a result of the support of unambiguous comparisons by the Federal Trade Commission (Tannenbaum 1974; Wilkie and Farris 1975; Grewal, Kavanoor, Fern, Costly and Barnes 1997, 1), as well as the advertiser’s confidence of its success. Comparative advertising can be defined based on two principles. First, comparative ads whether unambiguously (Wilkie and Fan-is 1975; Grewal, Kavanoor, Fern, Costly and Barnes 1997, 2) or ambiguously (Jackson, Brown, and Harmon 1979; Grewal, Kavanoor, Fern, Costly and Barnes 1997, 2) makes a comparison between two or more brands in the same general product or service category. Second, comparative ads compare brands based on their products’ attributes (Wilkie and Farris 1975; Grewal, Kavanoor, Fern, Costly and Barnes 1997, 2) or market positions (McDougall 1976; Grewal, Kavanoor, Fern, Costly and Barnes 1997, 2). Therefore, a brand that would assert it’s better than another one without explaining its methods of achieving such position is not using a comparative system (Grewal, Kavanoor, Fern, Costly and Barnes 1997, 2). 11 However, present experimental studies proved that the effectiveness of comparative advertising is unclear. Some researchers stated that there are certain advantages that are accompanied with comparative unlike non-comparative advertising (Drijge and Darmon 1987; Miniard et al. 1993; Pechmann and Ratneshwar 1991; Pechmann and Stewart 1990a; Rose et al. 1993; Grewal, Kavanoor, Fern, Costly and Barnes 1997, 1), while others reported that comparative is usually associated with objectionable results (Belch 1981; Golden 1979; Goodwin and Etgar 1980; Levine 1976; Swinyard 1981; Grewal, Kavanoor, Fern, Costly and Barnes 1997, 1). Political advertising: It has been claimed that political advertising, which aims at influencing the political behavior of the people, is believed by candidates to have the ability to affect the voters’ decisions, which is clearly shown in the huge amounts of money spent on the advertising campaigns. Reporters as well, have the same belief shown in the wide coverage of advertisements (Adatto 1990; Kahn and Geer 1994, 93). For example, many researchers stated that George Bush’s campaigns played a major role in defeating Michael Dukakis (Kahn and Geer 1994, 93). In fact, political advertising can somehow influence the public’s views, as it provides information to voters that might affect their considerations while voting. Previous investigations of the genuine substance of ads illustrated that it stresses relevant matters and personal characteristics of the candidate (Joslyn 1980, 1981; Kaid and Davidson 1986; Kern 1989; Shyles 1984a, 1984b; Kahn and Geer 1994, 94). Therefore the provided information increases the voters’ knowledge about the candidate which might eventually turn their evaluation of him (Markus 1982; Markus and Converse 1979; Kinder 1986; Brady and Johnston 1987; Kahn and Geer 1994, 94). A good example would be the case of Bill Clinton, as many didn’t know his personal background, the information and advertisements that focused on his background provided new and critical information about him that totally changed the view of many people towards him (Kahn and Geer 1994, 94). Being one of the most widely spread and used mediums of information and entertainment, Television has grown to be an established tool of sharing information 12 capable of effectively reaching different segments of a society. However, and despite such influence, there have been hardly a few number of studies tackling the behavioral aspect of viewing Television, specifically at home. (Anderson Lorch 1986, 1024). Significance of TV as an advertising vehicle: Therefore, and due to this shortage of a profound viewing of behavioral patterns of different age groups within youth age range, the researcher will discuss briefly the Television viewing behavior of children as it is the stage right before youth which is the main core of this study. (Anderson Lorch 1986, 1024). Previous studies show that regular viewing of Television begins during the early years of a child. According to a study in 1961, it has been noticed that Television viewing starts at the age of 2. 5 years, increases during pre and early school years, declines through adolescence and climbs up again among the elderly. (Schramm 1961; Comstock 1978; Anderson Lorch 1986, 1024). Moving on to factors affecting Television viewing behavior, a laboratory study found out that viewing behavior depends on physical and social context of the viewing state, on the formal features and comprehensibility of the material viewed, including other correlated factors. Nevertheless, it was noticed that mostly children from infancy till the age of 9 are the most attracted to Television. However, 5 year olds held a higher recall rate of auditory material than 9 year olds only when having a visual. That has been relied to the fact that during this age, the child is undergoing a phase of visual exploration and this medium –Television- offers the best resort for such appetite. (Alwitt Anderson 1980; Anderson Levin 1976; Anderson Lorch 1981; Anderson Lorch 1986, 1025). Meanwhile, in another study carried out using time lapse cameras in home, it was found that 19% of the time the Television was on no one was in the viewing room and that pre-school children were the least attentive to material viewed. Another study using video cameras installed in homes claimed that viewers usually engaged in other forms of activities rather than viewing aired material. Teens held the highest rate of attention, followed by adults and lastly children. Another longitudinal 13 observational study in 1980 recorded a tremendous escalation of attention from among viewers aged 12 to 23 months. Bechtel Achelpohl 1972; Allen 1965; Carew 1980; Anderson Lorch 1986, 1025-1026). On the other hand, and by examining findings of the study in hand, results showed that there was no relation between the age of the viewer and the time spent in front of the Television set. A highly significant percentage of increase in visual attention was determined among o-5 year olds which stopped during school years and declined during adulthood. There was also no evident relation between the time spent with the Television and the degree of attention among viewers. Findings stressed on the incident that a rise in time spent with the Television was associated with children till the age of 10 and started to decline afterwards. (Anderson Lorch 1986, 1030). A high level of visual attention through later childhood and adolescence was witnessed bearing in mind that a decline takes place after the age of ten. Therefore, the Television was considered to be a highly effective medium of spreading information and viewing different entertainment material to various groups of the society, especially for older children and teens. (Anderson Smith 1984; Anderson Lorch 1986, 1031). The effect of TV advertising on youth: Now that it was proven through different studies that Television does attract the attention of various age groups, especially children and teens, it would have considerable significance to discuss the effect such medium has on their consuming behavior. And in an approach to this matter, I will discuss selected readings of the literature found on the effect of TV ads on children and teens. Knowing the spreading power of Television, marketers and advertisers have been using Television ads to promote for different products and services. However, some ads proved to be harmful to the society and thats why Television ads have been held responsible for a number of social problems. (Shimp Dyer 1979, 36). An increasingly criticized issue was that of Over-The-Counter (OTC) drug advertising on Television. As there has been a growing belief that there is always a pill to relief from any sort of physical or emotional anxiety. In addition, it has been 14 confirmed by OTC critics that advertising is mainly responsible for the spread of legal and illegal drug use and abuse. However, it was strongly denied by drug representatives that their ads cause such harms. Berger 1974; Watson 1976; Moss 1971; Berger 1971; Edwards 1971; National Council of churches 1974; Stetler 1973; Cope 1976; Payne 1976; Shimp Dyer 1979). According to a Study by Brodlie in 1972 on drug use and sampling a group of heavy users and two other groups who witnessed control over TV exposure it has been noted that heavy drug users viewed Television more often during childhood with minor parental restrictions and on more regular basis. It was alleged that basically, Television had a higher directing effect on heavy drug users during childhood than other controlled groups. It was then suggested that heavy drug users group must have been exposed to more OTC Television ads. (Brodlie 1972; Shimp Dyer 1979, 37). A similar study used two measuring tools where candidates were asked to recall any visual of Television ads on drugs and the other was a brand recall where respondents are asked to sum up all proprietary brands they can recall. After the comparison between the two Television ads recall measurement tool and the respondents use of illicit drugs, a positive relation between marijuana use recall was determined. Hulbert; Shimp Dyer 1979, 37). On the other hand, a study by Ward et al in 1977 claimed that the effect of Television ads on illegal drug consumption might be negligible. The study argues that if Television ads have minor effect on childrens basic consumption skills, then it doesnt have to relate to ideals and norms connected to illegal drug usage. (Ward 1977; Shimp Dyer 1979, 43-44). In any case, illegal drug usage has grown rapidly and is reaching the verge of an epidemic. In parallel, statistics show a massive rise in drug consumption, especially among children. Therefore, it has to be cut down and if Television ads has a share in this rapid growth, then it should be proved and treated. (Shimp Dyer 1979, 43). Moving on to another example on the effects of Television ads on children and teens, which is the Nike athletes shoes ads study. The study examined –among other 15 purposes- the effect of such ads on African American teenagers perception of the product and their intention to make a purchase. Findings came out to suggest that the amount of Television exposure relates to the degree of product perception. As for the intention of making a purchase, it has been found quite high. (Lee Browne 1995, 524-534). Tobacco advertisements and the effect of restriction: Switching to another example, this study examines the causal effects of smoking related advertising. The study hypothesizes that young adolescents who are exposed to anti-smoking TV ads are more likely to have a negative approach towards smoker and tend to evaluate them on such negative basis. The study also claims that some cigarette advertisers tend to use appealing models or well known icons to attract consumers. However, the study predicts that adolescents who have been educated about the hazardous effects of smoking are not likely to be envisioned by such ads that they would appear more mature or exciting by smoking. Yet, such ads would develop thoughts of maturity and thrill even to an individual who knows well the harms of smoking. (Pechmann Ratneshwar 1994, 238-239). In contrast to this, preconceptions that are firmly believed in are uneasily changed and not by advertising, nevertheless, continuous counter-attitudinal advertising usually have a reminding effect on people of their unfavored beliefs. To give a more vivid picture, take the Canadian findings. Canadian advertisers argued showed that certain ads portraying smoking models engaging in dynamic sports action draws out attention to anti-smoking responses. Those ads were irrefutable and conveyed the message that preconceptions about smokers being readily out of breath are untrue. (Pechmann Ratenshwar 1994, 239). After carrying out different procedures and methods of research, it has been proven that subjects who were told about hazards of smoking did perceive smokers more negatively upon viewing smoking ads. Although subjects did find cigarette models attractive and desirable, and even thought about their traits positively, but that didn’t put them aside from thinking negatively about smokers. (Pechmann Ratenshwar 1994, 247). 16 On another note, and according to another study, it has been claimed that in the late 1960s and in year 1970 the Federal Communication Commission required all TV broadcasts and radios to donate a minute of anti-smoking to every 3 minutes of prosmoking ads. Further empirical re